Lab Report on Density Measurement Essay Example

Lab Report on Density Measurement Paper Liquid is usually confined in a container, so its volume is relative to the volume of its container There are various instruments that are used to accurately measure the density of substances; the most commonly used are the densitometers, viscometer and hydrometers [3]. In this experiment, the density of selected liquid samples will be measured using a viscometer. 1. 2 Objectives of the Experiment 1 . To determine the density of low boiling point liquid samples by measuring their mass at controlled volume; 2. To determine the density of alumina by measuring the mass and volume of variously shaped alumina balls; and 3. Compare the density calculated from the given samples with the standard density at room temperature. 1. 3 Significance of the Experiment At the end of the experiment, the laboratory performer is expected to learn the following; 1 . The density of selected liquids and material at a given temperature; and 2. The proper method of measuring the volume and consequently the d ensity of irregularly shaped objects using water displacement method. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Density is one of the most important and commonly used physical properties of matter. It is an intrinsic property which is represented by the ratio of a matters ass to its volume Density was purportedly discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes in an unusual circumstance. According to stories, King Hirer of Syracuse asked Archimedes to determine whether his new crown is made of pure gold or not. It was seemingly impossible to identify the gold percentage that composed the crown because chemical analysis was still unstudied in those times. One day, when Archimedes was enjoying himself to a bath, he observed that the further he went down the tub, the lesser he weighed and the higher the water level rose up. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Density Measurement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Density Measurement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Density Measurement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He then came to the realization that he could determine the Asia of the mass of the crown and the volume of water displaced by the crown, and compare it to the value measured from the pure gold sample. Hence, density and the principle behind it were revealed Density is dependent on many factors, one of which is temperature. It specifically decreases with increasing temperature. This is because an objects volume undergoes thermal expansion at increasing temperature while its mass remains unchanged. This results to a decrease in density [1]. When matter undergoes a transformation to a different phase, it undergoes an abrupt change in density. The transition of molecules of matter to a less random form, say from gas to liquid or from liquid to solid, causes a drastic increase in the density. However, there are substances which behave differently from this density-temperature relationship, by which one example is water. The greatest density achieved by water molecules are at ICC. At temperatures higher or lower than ICC, its density slowly decreases. This makes ice less dense than water, a property not commonly exhibited by other liquids METHODOLOGY 3. Materials A. Viscometer, 25-ml B. Graduated cylinder, 1000-ml C. Graduated cylinder, 250-ml D. Beaker, 250-ml E. Low boiling point liquids (acetone, 70% solution ethyl alcohol, 70% solution spoilsport alcohol), 30 ml F. Distilled water G. Two sets of alumina balls (small cylindrical, large cylindrical and large spherical balls) H. Analytical balance beam 3. 2 Determining the Mass of a 25-ml Liquid [5] A. Carefully clean and dry the viscometer. B. Weigh the empty viscometer and its stopper in the balance beam and record the mass. C. Fill the viscometer with the liquid sample up to its brim, and insert the stopper carefully. Wipe off any excess fluid on the sides of the hygrometer with a clean cloth or tissue. D. Balance and record the mass of the filled viscometer plus the stopper. E. Empty the contents of the viscometer in a clean beaker. F. Make three trials for each liquid. 3. 3 Determining the Mass and Volume of Alumina Balls [5] A. Measure the mass of each alumina ball in the balance beam. B. Add distilled water to the graduated cylinder and record its initial volume. C.

DBQ- Jacksonian Democrazy essays

DBQ- Jacksonian Democrazy essays During his presidency in the 1820s and the 1830s, Jackson had four main goals. He tried to act as a guardian of the United States Constitution, provide political democracy, protect and promote individual liberty, and provide equality of economic opportunity. In reality, Jackson did little to guard the constitution of the United States, and only provided political democracy to the extent of free, white, landowning males. Jackson only protected individual liberty to the extent of the common man, even though jacksonians viewed themselves as the protectors of the Individual liberties of everyone. Providing an economic opportunity for everyone is the only thing the jacksonian democrats lived up to. Jackson was a plantation owner in the south, and believed in slavery. If Jackson truly was a guardian of the United States constitution, slavery should not have been a part of his life, and he should have worked to abolish it. Also, Jackson destroyed the bank of the United States, If Jackson was a strict constructionist, nowhere in the constitution does it give him the power to destroy anything that the congress created or passed. He also almost completely ignored the entire nullification crisis, which could have torn the nation apart. Although he provided political democracy to some extent, he didnt provide it to all the citizens of the United States. Women still did not have the right to vote, as neither did minority groups. In protecting and promoting individual liberty, Jackson only provided for the common man. Once again, only free white males had the rights to vote and own land. Jackson completely ignored minority groups, he did nothing to help abolish slavery and sent the Indians on the trail of tears. In providing an economic opportunity for everyone, Jackson destroyed the bank of the United States and created pet banks, which only served the purposes of the common man. Minority groups were still being ignored. ...

Definition of a Post-Industrial Society

Definition of a Post-Industrial Society A post-industrial society is a stage in a societys evolution when the economy shifts from producing and providing goods and products to one that mainly offers services. A manufacturing society is comprised of people working in construction, textiles, mills and production workers whereas, in the service sector, people work as teachers, doctors, lawyers, and retail workers. In a post-industrial society, technology, information, and services are more important than manufacturing actual goods. Post-Industrial Society: Timeline A post-industrial society is born on the heels of an industrialized society during which time goods were mass-produced utilizing machinery. Post-industrialization exists in Europe, Japan, and the United States, and the U.S. was the first country with more than 50 percent of its workers employed in service sector jobs. A post-industrial society not only transforms the economy; it alters society as a whole. Characteristics of Post-Industrial Societies Sociologist Daniel Bell made the term post-industrial popular  in 1973 after discussing the concept in his book The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. He described the following shifts associated with post-industrial societies: Production of goods (like clothing) declines and the production of services (like restaurants)  goes up.Manual labor jobs and blue collar jobs are replaced with technical and professional jobs.Society experiences a shift from focusing on practical knowledge to theoretical knowledge. The latter involves the creation of new, invention solutions.There is a focus on new technologies, how to create and utilize them as well as harness them.New technologies foster the need for new scientific approaches like IT and cybersecurity.Society needs more college graduates with advanced knowledge who can help develop and advance technological change. Post-Industrial Societal Shifts in the U.S. About 15 percent of the labor force (only 18.8 million Americans out of a workforce of 126 million) now works in manufacturing compared to 26 percent 25 years ago.Traditionally, people earned status and gained and privilege in their society through inheritance which could be a family farm or business. Today education is the currency for social mobility, particularly with the proliferation of professional and technical jobs. Entrepreneurship, which is highly valued, generally requires a more advanced education.The concept of capital was, until fairly recently, considered mainly to be financial capital gained through money or land. Human capital is now the more important element in determining the strength of a society. Today, thats evolved into the concept of social capital the extent to which people have access to social networks and subsequent opportunities.Intellectual technology (based on math and linguistics) is at the forefront, utilizing algorithms, software programming, simul ations and models to run new high technology. The infrastructure of a post-industrial society is based on communication whereas the infrastructure of industrial society was transportation.An industrial society features a labor theory based on value, and industry develops proceeds with the creation of labor-saving devices which substitute capital for labor. In a post-industrial society, knowledge is the basis for invention and innovation. It creates added value, increases returns and saves capital.

Theories of Electricity and Magnetism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Electricity and Magnetism - Essay Example It is possible to transform an electric field into a magnetic field and vice versa. This essay will therefore analyze the properties of electricity and magnetism and their relationship with respective theories. Magnetism There are three basic properties of magnetism. These properties are the basic behaviors of magnets and they define laws that govern magnetism. The first property of magnetism is the bipolar property. According to this property, a magnet has two unlike poles. It is also impossible to separate the two poles of a magnet or to create a monopole magnet. This indicates that whenever a magnet is split into two pieces, two unlike poles always result creating two independent and complete magnets. The second property of magnetism is the attraction of unlike poles and repulsion of like poles. This significant property forms the basis of most theories that governs magnetism. The third property of magnetism is the existence of a magnetic field or the region around the magnet with in which the effects of a magnet are experienced (David 109). A magnet has a strong field around its poles and its strength varies inversely with the distance from the magnet. Theories of magnetism are based on the three properties and they explain why magnets behave the way they do. Magnetic theories are also used to predict occurrences that cannot be verified physically as the three properties. The first significant theory of magnetism is the Weber’s theory of magnetism. According to this theory, the magnetic property of a magnet is based on the magnetic property of each individual molecule. Weber hypothesized that each molecule behaves like a tiny magnet that has the bipolar property discussed above. According to Weber’s theory, the difference between a magnet and non-magnet results from the magnetic field of each molecular magnet. During the magnetization process, the molecules of a piece of material are aligned in one direction with all their south poles and north poles facing in a similar direction. In an un-magnetized material opposite poles of each individual molecule are oriented in a similar direction resulting in cancellation of the magnetic force. Such a material will have zero resultant force (David 119). This theory is closely related to the bipolar property of a magnet. According to the theory, the two poles of each magnet results from the fundamental molecular magnet that forms the magnet under consideration. The inability to create a monopole magnet also has its basis on the existence of bipolar molecules. Each split or separation of a magnet results into two independent magnets with independent south poles and north poles. This is because the splitting of a magnet does not affect the direction of the magnetic force of each individual molar magnet. Finally, the theory supports the field property of magnets. This is because the magnetic field around each magnet results from the cumulative field of each individual molecule. The sec ond significant theory of magnetism is the domain theory. This theory is based on the orbiting or spinning of electrons around the nucleus. The spinning of electrons creates both an electric and magnetic field around the electron. When most of the electrons within an atom spin in a similar direction, a magnetic field results around the atom. Magnetism results from the resultant effects of such electrons. On the other hand, the atoms of a non-magnetized mater

How Convincing Is Porters Model of National Competitive Advantage in Essay - 5

How Convincing Is Porters Model of National Competitive Advantage in Explaining the Characteristics and Performance of the Business Systems of Major Economies - Essay Example The paper tells that international competitiveness of countries is an ever-growing concern for firms, governments as well as academic scholars. International competitiveness is one of the most misused and misunderstood terms in the press and academic literature of the modern world. According to Daniels, there is no consensus on how to measure, explain and predict international competitiveness of countries. The true meaning and understanding of the international competitiveness of countries have been the subject of much debate. Porter popularized the implicit assumption underlying the management theories that a firms competitiveness can be extended to a country’s competitiveness using his diamond framework and the world competitiveness reports. There are two schools of thought; the economic school and management school. The economic school ignores the notion of country competitiveness. However, the management school supports the concept of country competitiveness. To properly e xplain the differing views on international competitiveness by economists, a little background on the differing trade theories is required. The review of the trade theories will provide a platform for the analysis of Porter’s Diamond framework. Adams Smith theory of absolute advantage was the first theory that attempted to explain why countries engage freely in international trade. According to this theory; a state can enhance its prosperity if it limits itself into producing goods and services that the country has a higher absolute cost advantage over other countries. The country should also import those goods and services in which it has an absolute cost disadvantage.

Gender Socialization Interview Essay Example for Free

Gender Socialization Interview Essay The family is the most essential ingredient in the making of a person. How one socializes to the society with regards to his/her gender is directly pointed to the responsibility of the family. The very basic foundation to a person’s character and how they behave with regards to their roles in the society and in family is the responsibility of the people around him/ her in the four corners of their homes where their young minds are being inculcated with such values or behavior that they should follow or they should take responsibility with. Most sociologists believe that the family is the best institution to instill in a child the attitudes and behavior patterns necessary o become a successful adult. Traditionally, parents are responsible for their children’s religious or ethical training and for providing basic knowledge of their society. Ordinarily, this largely means presenting basic concepts to the children at home as soon as they can absorb them, and, when they are old enough, enrolling them in educational institutions and having them participate in recreational, civic, and cultural activities. The family is also important in providing various kinds of social control. Its most important role is the regulation and control of character or behavior of the children. To understand gender socialization in the family I have interviewed Czarina. She is a female and is 15 years old. She is the youngest among her two brothers. Her parents work in a real state company and are sometimes not there to attend their special needs and attention especially if they have programs or activities at school. Czarina is already in high school, as a student she is very diligent and really tries her best to do good to make her family proud of her. She sometimes join extracurricular activities due to some factors like, her brothers as well as her parents would not allow her to go home late at night already. She has a curfew of 7:00 pm and failure to comply that will mean a very strong punishment for her. Czarina grew up in a family where traditional gender roles are being reproduced and also practiced. She grew up in a disciplinarian family but not that very strict. They just want her to be responsible in everything she does. Although her parents are sometimes not there to attend to her needs, her brothers are the ones who do it. She was taught that a lady should know all household chores because someday she will become a mother also and it is very essential for her to know all those things. It was also implanted in her mind that ladies should go home early because it is very dangerous and very indecent for a girl to go home very late at night. On other words, Czarina’s world evolved around home, school and even church. Her family sees to it that they all go to church every Sunday, not missing each service in their church. They were so devoted with their faith, which is why her brothers and parents are very strict with her. It has implanted in her mind that is rightful for a family to stay together even though travails or circumstances are present and are inevitable, every woman should be strong for her family not letting any doubt or fear ruin it. Czarina grew up seeing his brothers do so well at school and in their house. Her brothers are so responsible, caring and loving ones; while her parents are working very hard to provide them with what they want. Her brothers taught her not to easily fall in love, and never rush love until the right man and the right time comes. Her parents who are very loving; even though they’re sometimes busy; they always find time to be with them especially on weekends. Through the years, this was what she saw and experience in her daily life. This has become a part of her life already that she also has learned and practice. At school, she is very well respected and looked up to by her classmates and peers. She is very well disciplined and a dignified young lass. She serves as a role model among the young people in their school, being a consistent academic awardee and a good, behaved young lady. I asked her if she is pressured with what her family and friends is expecting of her, she answered me with a nodd. Yes, indeed she is fearful she might break the trust of her peers and especially her family but she knows deep inside her that all those values that have already been implanted in her being will never wither. It helped her become a better individual, through the upbringing of her parents and of course with the help of her two very understanding and disciplinarian brothers. She never regretted to be a part of her family, but on the other hand she felt lucky because not all are given the opportunity to be a good young woman. She said that the family really plays an important role in molding the behavior and character of a person because just like her, if her family didn’t brought her up that way then she would not be what she is right now.

Free Blacks compared to Slaves :: History

Free Blacks compared to Slaves The next few paragraphs will compare blacks in the north to blacks in the south in the 1800’s. In either location blacks were thought of as incompetent and inferior. The next few paragraphs will explain each group’s lifestyle and manner of living. Up north all blacks were free. The population of blacks in the north was about 1% in 1860 after the American Revolution. The blacks up north had minimal rights. The blacks could not vote, because of stipulations or they were just told that they could not vote by laws of their area. The New York Convention created one stipulation that was created to exclude blacks from voting in 1821; the law stated that blacks could not vote if they did not own property. Most blacks were having a tough time getting jobs in the south. So if a black person could not generate income how were they supposed to buy a home? In the north the blacks only had menial jobs. Menial jobs were basically jobs that you needed no skill and received small pay. Jobs of skill were kept away from blacks. If blacks tried to get the skill jobs they were either turned away or beat up by workers. About 95% of blacks in the 1800’s were working menial jobs. The jobs that the blacks acquired were the jobs that whites would not take. Whites just thought of blacks as dumb and incapable people, they were only capable for menial jobs. Blacks in the north were separated from their white counterparts in everyway. Legislators were always creating laws to keep the races divided. Many states tried to impose laws that would segregate schools. The whites did not want black kids going to the same school because if blacks and whites mingled there could be inter marriage. Even the trains were segregated. Negroes had to sit on a certain part of the streetcars and whites on another. Blacks were not allowed to go to certain cities because people thought that they brought down the property value. Imagine people thought just the presence of blacks could bring down property value down. Blacks in the south were not free. Southern blacks were forced to work all day for no pay. As soon as the sunrise the slaves had to work until sunset. Blacks in the south had no choice to take a day off or not.

Food Security in India

Food security is access to enough food by all people at all time for an active and healthy life. In the past concentrated efforts were made to achieve food security by increasing food grain production. Thanks to the impact of green revolution though, it was limited to same crops and too in limited states. To ensure easy access to food at household level, government monopolizes grain management and subsidized food gains. Paradoxically, India attained national food self-sufficiency 35 years ago yet about 35% of its population remains food insecure. Low incomes and high food prices prevent individual food security. Another aspect of Indian food security situation is that after over three decades of operation, public distribution system meets less than 10% of consumption of PDS grains– rice and wheat –by the poor. At the global level, poor harvest coupled with rising demand has led to and overall increase in food prices. Unfavorable weather conditions in parts of Europe and North Africa, together with worst ever drought in Australia put stocks of major food crops, especially wheat, at record low levels. Tight supply pushed up the prices of wheat to unprecedented heights, significantly affecting food inflation across the globe including India. Surging food grain prices and worsening global supplies are now bringing the domestic food crisis to the boil. The crisis has been building up for sometime. The food grains yields of India farmers are not going up. Grain output has been stagnating for over a decade and there is a growing gap between supply and demand. Attaining long-term food security requires the raising of incomes and making food affordable. To ensure food security for the vulnerable section of the society a multiple pronged stately is to be evolved. To begin with all the existing social safety net programmes need amalgamation and should focus on vulnerable and underprivileged regions and groups. The existing anti-poverty programmes may be made more transparent with better government that minimizes leakages and benefits from such programmes. Simultaneously, agriculture needs to be reformed by improving incentives, incentives, increasing in vestment etc. So that production of traditional and high-value commodities can be increased. Unfortunately agriculture is in the grip of poor performance. Traditional sources of augmenting income are ceresin. Production environment is changing it is not dominated by small holders. With the shrinking land holdings, their sustainability and viability can not rely solely on production of food grains. To augment their income, small holders need to diversify their production and crops. Ten years after the dismantling of the universal public distribution system systems, the statistical jugglery of the targeted food distribution system actually excludes millions of poor in both the BPL and APL categories. Targeting is linked to neoli9beral policies that seek to limit, if not eliminate, the government’s welfare responsibilities. The denial of the right to food for a large section of the Indian population reflected in increased malnourishment strutted growth, ill health and loss of energy and therefore productivity is an issue that deserves more national attention. If countries agree to be graded in terms of provision of food security to their citizens, India would rank along with Ethiopia at the lower end. The United Nations children’s fund report that tone out of every tow children in India in malnourished confirms the lopsided priorities of successive governments at the centre that seek to narrow fiscal deficits by reducing food subsidies. Until 1996, India has universal PDS. There it introduced the targeted system with the mistaken notion that the infirmities of the PDS should be curbed and that it would enable subsidized grain to reach those who actually needed it. India now has 10 years of experience of the targeted (into APL and BPL ouseholds with access to foodgrain at different prices) and further targeted (into BPL and Antyodaya households) system. Last year, the planning commission did an evolutions of the PDS and found that 57% of the poor hand been actually excluded from the BPL system. Earlier the Abhijit Sen committee had also come up with similar findings, pointing to the utter failure of the targeted system, and suggested a return to the universal PDS. For these schemes is a major problem. If only those who are officially identified as poor can have access to food, then clearly the method has ensured accuracy. The prevailing method of identification is entirely unsatisfactory. There are two sets of estimates. The estimate that is linked to allocations of foodgrain is made by the planning commission. According to a replay given in parliament, the present concept of the poverty line is based on the per capita consumption expenditure needed to attain a minimum amount of calorie intake out of food consumption along with a minimum amount of not-food expenditure in order to meet the requirements of clothing, shelter and transport, among other things. This is based on the methodology suggested by the Lakdawala committee in 1993 and the population projections of the registrar-general of India as of march 12000. Shockingly, according to the current assessments, it works out to around Rs. 11 an adult a day clearly; this is not a poverty line but a destitution line. Earlier foodgrain allocations were not linked to poverty line assessments but were open-ended depending on past utilization by the states. The linkages came along with the targeted system. This creates another anomaly. The rural development ministry has set of programmes for BPL families. According to current estimates, 6 crore households in India come under the BPL category. That such a large number of people are earning less than Rs 330 a month is shocking enough. But what is cruel is that anyone earning above this meager monthly income is classified as APL and excluded from the right to subsidized foodgrain. The very words ‘Above Poverty Line’ misleading because they include a vast section of poor who have been denied their entitlements through statistical fraud and jugglery to serve a neoliberal agenda. The need for subsidized food grains for a wider section of people is also reflected in increased off take. While the off take in the Antyodaya system is around 90%, showing the desperate need of people for cheap foodgrain, the off take for BPL has doubled in the past few 73. 67 lakh tones to 228. 45 lakh tones in 2005-06 out of an allocation of 273. 20 lakh tones which constitutes 83%- of the allocation. As far as APL is concerned, the off take is much lower not because people do not need the grain but because for several years there was not much difference in the APL price and the market price. The central issue price for wheat is Rs 7. 50 a kg. For rice the price range is from Rs 10 in Gujarat and Maharashtra for a kg to Rs 9 in Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. As current market prices of foodgrain have shot up, the demand for APL foodgrain will definitely increase but the poor offtake of the grain in the demand for APL foodgrain will definitely increase but the poor off take of the grains in the past few years is being cited by the government to cut allocations, precisely when people require it more. Since rise procurement is reportedly up by around 28 lakh tones, it is possible for the central government to replace wheat allocations will rise at least for the time being in consultation with the states. Instead of taking such a step, the Centre is proposing a cut in allocation. The demand for a revision of poverty assessment also needed. Secondly, the neglect of foodgrain production consequent to the new agricultural policy’s emphasis on export-oriented cash crops is a major reason for current shortfalls in wheat production. The third Issue is that of procurement of wheat. Wheat deficits to the extent of 29 lakh tones below the buffer stock norms leading to imports for the first time in decades are a result of the deliberate policy of the government to cut down procurement on the one hand and encourage private trade on the other. Big farmers who could hold on to their stocks would have benefited from the higher price offered later, but the bulk of the peasantry sold their produce to traders at price below the Rs 700 offered three week too late by the government, the FCI had been given the same leeway as private trade, then the present dismal record of low procurement could have been avoided. Shockingly, the government offered the Indian farmer almost Rs 100 less than what it paid foreign trades. The concerning of the stock by private trade has permitted wheat hoarding, which has pushed market prices up by Rs 5-6 a kg. Decades of building a food security system can be wiped out by such neoliberal ideologies that undermine the principal of self-reliance. Besides, it reflects a naive belief that international prices will remain static whereas clearing international trades are waiting to maximize profits through wheat imports as higher, price to India. Further, a dangerous concession by way of lowering of phytosanitary standards in the quality of wheat is also being planned- This must be opposed strongly. India can spend thousands of crores to protect itself through nuclear might but can render itself completely vulnerable by losing its greatest achievement, the backbone of sovereignty—– food self-sufficiency. With this approach, the situation on the rice front could follow a similar disastrous pattern in the future. It also raises the question of whether it is appropriate to combine the Agriculture Ministry with the food and Public Distribution Ministry. Fourthly, the FCI is being weakened systematically. The employment schemes of Government, which offer part of the payment in food grains. Play an important part in the provision of food security, through inadequate. The move to cut back on this component will also cut down on the real wages of the worker. With the current high prices of wheat and other essential commodities, What the worker grains in cash is less than what he/she has to pay for his/her foodgrain needs in the market. What needs to be done is improve the system – whether of procurement agencies, the fair price shops or the methods of distribution – but not to destroy them. But that is what the Food and Public Distribution Department seems to be proposing. People –centered reform requires a return to the universal PDS. During periods of high inflation in food prices, governments must provide a basic minimum quantity of food grain and other food items at low prices through public distribution systems to low-income, food-insecure, and vulnerable populations. In India, the ostensible purpose of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was to take food to the poor; in practice, it has resulted in the large scale exclusion of the poor and food-insecure from the public food system. Recent evidence from a report titled Public Distribution system and other Sources of Household Consumption 2004-5 (GOI. 2007), which presents data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey (NSS), establishes that targeting has led to high rates of exclusion of needy household from the Public Distribution System (PDS) and cleared deterioration of coverage in States like Kerala where the universal PDS was most effective. Let me illustrate with evidence from rural India. The recent report of the National Sample Survey gives us an insight into the magnitude and nature of this exclusion from the PDS. At the all-India level, 70. 5 per cent of rural households either possessed no card or held an APL card. Since household with APL card are effectively excluded from the PDS, the majority of rural households in India are excluded from the PDS. The NSS Report also allows us to classify-by caste, occupation, land ownership and consumer expenditure category-the household that are excluded from the PDS. The NSS maintains five types of rural households, based on information on source of income; self-employed (agriculture), self employed (non-agriculture), agricultural labour, other labour and other households. We focus on agricultural labour, since manual agricultural labour households are undoubtedly among those most in need of access to the PDS. The all India average indicates that 52percent of agricultural households either had no card or an APL card. The corresponding proportion was 96 per cent in Manipur, 68 per cent in Rajasthan and Assam, 71 per cent in Bihar and 73 percent in Uttar Pradesh. Can 70 per cent of agricultural labour households be considered as ineligible for the PDS? There were only four States in which two thirds or more of agricultural labour households were not excluded from the PDS (that is, held a BPL or Antyodaya ration card). These States were Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir and Tripura. Secondly, we examine the social back-ground of households, focusing on Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Treble households. We have selected only those States where the rural Scheduled Caste population is more than 10 percent of the total population. In rural areas, there is known to be substantial degree of overlap between the Scheduled Caste status, blandness and poverty. The NSS data shows that 70 per cent or more of Scheduled Caste households had no card or an APL card in rural area of Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Utter Pradesh. Among these states, only Punjab is a cereal-surplus State. At the all-India level, 60 per cent of the scheduled Caste households in rural areas were effectively excluded from the PDS. States with a lower degree of exclusion of Scheduled Caste households were Karnataka (27 per cent excluded), Andhra Pradesh (31 per cent), and Kerala (38 per cent). A large number of households belonging to the Scheduled Tribes, Again, do not have access to the PDS: to illustrate, 90 per cent of rural Scheduled Tribe households in Assam, 79 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh and 68 per cent in Chhattisgarh were excluded from the PDS. Surprisingly, the North Eastern Sates did not perform too well on this count (though again there may be a problem of data quality). There were only four states – Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat and Maharashtra-where more than 50 per cent of rural Scheduled Tribe Households had received a BPL or Antyodaya card. The NSS report classifies households by the extent of land they possessed. It is not noted that land possessed† refers to all types of land and includes agricultural land, homestead land and non-agricultural land. It is not surprising, then, that a very small proportion of households are reported as landless. I have therefore grouped together the two categories of landless. Again, the conclusion is that a very high proportion of landless and near landless household did not possess BPL or Antyodaya cards (86 per cent in Sikkim, 80 percent Goa, 79 per in Uttar Pradesh. 6 per cent in Haryana, 75 per cent in Jharkhand, and 74 per cent in Uttaranchal, for example) and were thus effectively excluded from the PDS. In striving for â€Å"efficiency† by means of narrow targeting households that should be entitled to basic food security through the PDS have been left out. The data from the 61st round of the NSS make it quite clear that a high proportion of agricultural labour and o ther labour households, of households belonging to Scheduled Caste and the scheduled Tribes, of households with little or no land and households in the lowest expenditure classes, are effectively excluded from the PDS today.

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The immune system factor in both Blake's and Kevin's issues this week helped them by not letting them get sick. Both Blake and Kevin were present around some individuals that where sick. If you have a healthy strong immune system it will fight off infectonist diseases. The most common disease that is transfered or caught from one another is a cold. To prevent yourself from catching this infection cover your nose and mouth with you sleeve or shirt. Make sure you have and sanatizer with you at all times.After you touch a surface of a busy place or like for an good example say your in a hospital and there is people all around you sneezing and coughing you could go get a face mask and put it on. There are many ways you can prevent getiing an infection by carry hand sanitizer, or wash your hands, cover your mouth and nose around other people who are sick, or just stay home. These are just some suggestions. The immune system plays a very big role in everyones life. Some people have a very weak immune system unlike Blake and Kevin they could get sick or catch the infection faster than Blake and Kevin.Q1: 5 From what i have learned i will strat eating more healthier foods. I will cut back in going to a fast food resturaunts. i will get out and exercise more. I will also start reading foos labels when i go in the store with my mom to get grocreies. I will also tell my mom to start reading food labels and start getting more healhier food such as broccoli, carrorts, and more organic type foods. I will also cut back on using salt while cooking. I will try to get outside and exercise more. I will walk for about 3 miles one day. On another day I will jog for about a mile.Then on another i could ride a bike till i get tired. But before i do all that I will stretch muscles and strat off at a slow pace. Then i will start walking my dogs one day at a time. Walking them all at the same time will not workout. instead of me walking them they will be walking me. But maintaining a he althy diet and excersie daily and stay away from junk food will make you feel better. It will boost up your engery leave and you will be able to do more. Q2: The main health issue in June's apartment was the ventalation system. She found out that her a apartment building was old and had mildew in the are.This was such an easy problem to fix. She could either move to a different apartment or get a air purfirer. She did not want to move because she did not want to leave her parents. So they brought her a air purfirer. This seems to help her out alot better. She seemed to like that better than having to move and leave her parents behind. The air purfirer works pretty good in June's condition. It kept her from having to move all belongs out of that apartment into a new one. And she would have to try and look for one about the same price or more than what she has to par for her apartment.It also saved her money from having the inspector people come and look at because the mold can real b ad and they tell her the can't come back in her apartment for a few days or a few weeks depending on how bad the infestation is. But i think she made a right choice by geting the air purfirer. Q3: This experience of being a health coach improved my understandin of health and wellness by showing me that i need to start eating healthy and making the right decison when it comes to eating. It will also help me stick to a regular diet.It helped me understand how i could start doing things to better my life. It will help prevent me form getting diabetes, cancer, or developing cardiovascular disease. Being fit and healthy will also change the mood your in. If i was to eat better foods than i do now i wouldn't be grouchy all the time. But it's going to be hard for me to change my eating life style because i'm use to eat non healthy foods. I know this is making my risk high for getting an disease such as diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease or make getting all three at the same time.W hich will be really bad. I'll try to start eating better and getting more help with maintaining a healthy diet. But if eat healthy will help me for getting one of those diseases even though it runs in my family i'm up for the challange. Being healthy is a big part of life. Being healthy will make your days more enjoyable, happier, and full of engery. This will also make you havean positive attitude towards that day and alos towards the people you work with. I think i need to start eating better and i would be less grumpy everyday.

Ideology and History Lecture Essays - Politics, Philosophy

Ideology and History Lecture Essays - Politics, Philosophy Ideology and History Lecture Personal Freedom Classical Liberal, absent of . Believe that citizens should be in control, a negative liberty. Free from corrosion. Positive right for citizens to have freedom to become all that you are capable of. Limited Government Freedom is in risk from government, and as a result the government should be limited. Limit to 3 function; Governments should provide society from an army from invasion, provide police force (protect our property within). Provide with a system of court Equality of Right All citizens should be subjects by the same set of rules equally, procedural procedures. Liberal governments are about outcomes rather than the procedures, equity. Consent of the Governed Governments believe that stake should be able to vote, if you own property. If you do not have property then you are not entitled to the ownership of stake. 1642: After this year, Charles the first was executed Divine rights of kings. England becomes a constitution monarchy 1688: The bank of England is created Plays a role into the industrial revolution John Locke writes his masterpiece to government. Essay Topic Traditional Society Extended family, the family is the welfare state of traditional society. Family with a lot of security for a small obligations Strong control of its members, obligations to the family never ends. Divided into us and them Can not be trusted, no obligations to them, only to the extended family. Enhance your honour to the family. Must be married and have sons. Through marriage you should carry the generations, marry up Arranged marriages in Traditional society. Mentality is that young people cannot be trusted If you need any type of loan etc. it is to come from the family. There is a strict rule for labour . Especially when it comes to what men and women can and cannot do. Males always get higher status of labour . Men are viewed as physically strong, brave, proud, self confident , clever, bad tempered, stubborn Women are calm, non violent , moral code. Women cannot be trusted, big 3 priorities for women; Modesty, help secure a good family with marriage, and have sons. Ambitions in a traditional society is not allowed, as it represented in the wrong sense. Life is not about enjoyment. Modern Society Individual freedom is represented, creating no restrictions. Liked to believe that we are Belief that we can overcome anything, and overcome anything. There is deep seated fear of being different. Huge emphasis on self independence . Individual is key Freedom is valued Taught not to listen to elders, and make up our own minds. Believe that we should find our partner with love and not arranged.

Barriers to communication Essay Example for Free (#4)

Barriers to communication Essay 1.3 Identify barriers to effective communication A child, young person, their parent(s)/carer(s) or even a member of staff whose first language is foreign may make it harder for any communication spoken to them to be understood. They may only understand very small words of the language you’re speaking, so information will be harder to put across. For example; in my setting, there is a child who can understand what you are saying, but it seems, most of the time they seem very quiet. This may be due to their parent(s) being from a foreign country, so they may be able to communicate in their parent(s) language, but not in ours so may find it hard to communicate some of their needs/feelings. Someone may have a sensory deprivation – such as hearing or sight. This will make giving and receiving information harder to do – they may need an interpreter at all times for example. When talking to a service provider, they may use technical language that the service user may not understand which will make it harder for them to process the information and may worry what they have meant. Someone may be going through a difficult time that is making their emotions go all over the place – such as they may take things the wrong way, get upset easily, no full concentration and not trying as hard to complete/do things. Environmental/setting problems can cause a barrier for a communication – someone who may not be able to see very well will find it hard to read any written information in a dimly lit room. Or, for example, someone in a wheelchair can find it hard to communicate with someone if they are at a desk that is above the wheelchair users head. Barriers to communication. (2016, Aug 05). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Women and Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women and Sexuality - Essay Example This will help in curbing the ever increasing number of victims STIs and other infections. In addition, the use of condoms and other preventive devices should be over emphasized in any adult films or movies. This will help in spreading the message of constant and correct use of protective devices during sexual intercourse. It is also beneficial to regulate the sex industry just like any business is regulated, because there are many advantages attached to it such as, preventing overcrowding in the same business, and unscrupulous trading or getting involved in dangerous business activities. Base on these, the victims of the sex industry or prostitution will always follow the laws to the letter, with those not abiding being liable for punishment. As per decriminalization, it is not necessary to develop a set of extra laws to regulate the sex industry as per the already in place regulatory approaches. This has been demonstrated by countries such Australia and New Zealand. By decriminalization, benefits have been realized in that there has been high compliance. This is because when businesses are treated without discrimination, barriers tend to reduce. There has also been increased transparency in that the model has been perceived as a whole governments approach to regulation (Brents, Barbara and Hausbeck, 2010). According to Bernstein and Elizabeth (2010), regulating this prevailing and escalating industry or commercial sex services premises (SSP) would call for developing consent with the historic location of SSP. Over the years, the legislation concerned with the law have also ensured that the building operating in the vicinity of mixed commercial areas, with no amenity impacts for quite some time and still unable to surrender a DA are not permitted to continue with the business. To allow for independent sex worker, especially those who might be found in